Scholarly Articles
Reading / Writing
Research articles include original studies that add to the current scholarship on a given topic. Disciplines within the Social Sciences and Physical Sciences present their findings in research articles.
The Sciences:
The table below describes the components of Scholarly articles in the Social Sciences and Physical Sciences. The majority of research articles in these disciplines will have the sections listed below, but there will be some that do not.
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Abstract
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Brief summary of the article, including methodology and results.
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Introduction
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Background information about the topic of research, with reasoning for why the study is being done and includes a research question.
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Methods
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How the study was done. The details of the research, including set-up and how data was collected.
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Results/Findings
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Presentation of the data from the study. This section often includes charts, tables and graphs as visual representations of the data.
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Discussion
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Analysis of the data, and how the study relates to existing knowledge of the topic. The authors evaluate whether the results of their study actually answered their research question.
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Conclusion
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The authors wrap up the article by discussing how their study adds to the existing knowledge on the topic and outline potential research for further studies.
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References
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List of resources (articles, books, journals, etc.) that authors consulted when developing their research.
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The Arts and Humanities
Within the Arts and Humanities, scholarly articles are set up differently than in the Sciences. Articles will read more like essays, rather than scientific experiments. As a result, there is no standard format or sections to look for as in the table above. Although an article written in an essay style may seem more approachable to read, the rule still applies that the authors are writing for other experts in their fields, so they might still be very difficult to read because of terminology and jargon from the discipline.
In the Humanities, scholars are not conducting research experiments on participants but rather are making logical arguments based on the evidence they have, which often comes from texts. In literature, for example, a scholar will be studying a particular novel of an author. In history, a scholar will look at the primary source documents from the time period she is studying.
The following sections are generally included in humanities scholarly articles, although not always and might not be clearly marked. In fact, each article you read on a topic will have different section headings, if any, decided upon by the authors and editors.
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Abstract
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This brief summary is sometimes included, sometimes not.
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Introduction
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Usually lengthy and gives a lot of background information for topic being studied. Thesis "statement" will be found within introduction, although it is not limited to one sentence. Literature Review might also be included here.
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Discussion/Conclusion
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The discussion likely runs through the entire article and does not have a separate section. The conclusion might not be as neatly wrapped up in a humanities articles as in the sciences. Things might be a little unclear.
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Works Cited
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List of resources used by the author(s).
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